Excessive sweating, medically known as hyperhidrosis, occurs when the body produces more sweat than necessary. While normal sweating helps regulate temperature, some people sweat heavily even in cool weather or without physical activity.
There are two types of hyperhidrosis. Primary hyperhidrosis usually affects specific areas like the underarms, palms, or feet. It happens because the nerves controlling sweat glands are overactive. This often starts in teenage years and sometimes runs in families. Secondary hyperhidrosis is linked to health problems or medications and often affects the whole body.
Main causes of excessive sweating include:
- Thyroid problems – An overactive thyroid speeds up metabolism, raising body heat and causing sweating even at rest.
- Diabetes – Low or fluctuating blood sugar can trigger sweating. Nerve damage from long-term diabetes may also disrupt sweat control.
- Stress and anxiety – Emotional stress activates the nervous system’s “fight or flight” response, leading to sweating, especially on palms and underarms.
- Hormonal changes – Menopause, pregnancy, or menstrual cycles often cause hot flashes and night sweats due to hormone fluctuations.
- Medications – Drugs like antidepressants, blood pressure medicines, and hormone treatments may have sweating as a side effect.
- Infections – Conditions such as tuberculosis are linked with night sweats, often along with fever and weight loss.
- Heart conditions – Unusual sweating with chest discomfort or breathlessness can signal heart problems and needs urgent medical care.
- Other health issues – Obesity, certain cancers like lymphoma, and neurological disorders can also increase sweating.
When to see a doctor:
- If sweating interferes with work or daily life.
- If night sweats regularly disturb sleep.
- If sweating comes with fever, chest pain, or sudden weight loss.
- If it begins suddenly in adulthood without a clear cause.
Managing the problem:
Treatment depends on the cause. Strong antiperspirants may help mild cases. Doctors sometimes prescribe medication to block nerve signals to sweat glands. Other treatments include iontophoresis, Botox injections, or in severe cases, surgery. Lifestyle adjustments such as wearing breathable fabrics, drinking enough water, and avoiding triggers like caffeine or spicy food can also reduce discomfort.
By addressing underlying conditions and following the right treatment, many people can manage hyperhidrosis and improve their quality of life.
