Makara Sankranti marks the beginning of the auspicious Uttarayana period. Celebrated with grandeur in the two Telugu-speaking states, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, Sankranti is observed over three days with distinct rituals and customs. Here’s a closer look at the traditions and practices that make this festival special.
Bhogi Celebrations
The day before Sankranti is known as Bhogi. On this day, people light Bhogi bonfires, symbolizing the elimination of old and unwanted items to make way for new beginnings. Households discard unused belongings and burn them in the fire as a gesture of renewal. For families with children, Bhogi fruits are poured over their heads as part of a traditional blessing. Women host feasts for married women (Muthyala Muggu) and arrange doll displays for children.
Bhogi Fruits
During Bhogi, small fruits like Indian jujube (ber) are showered over children’s heads, a practice believed to bring them health and prosperity. The origin of this tradition stems from offerings made to Lord Vishnu in the form of a young child, where fruits were used in rituals.
Festive Sankranti
Celebrated on January 15 annually, Makara Sankranti is a day for giving thanks and performing acts of charity. People make donations of grains, fruits, clothes, and vegetables, which are believed to bring blessings. Offering a cow in charity (Godanam) is considered especially meritorious, promising eternal peace in the afterlife. The festival brings communities together with kite flying, cultural performances, and elaborate feasts. Andhra Pradesh, particularly in the Godavari region, is renowned for its vibrant Sankranti celebrations, complete with bullock parades and traditional dancers.
The Myth of Ganga’s Descent
According to legend, on Makara Sankranti, King Bhagiratha brought the holy Ganga River to Earth through his penance to offer salvation to his ancestors. The festival commemorates this divine event, with rituals dedicated to ancestors performed near rivers.
Kanuma: A Feast of Gratitude
The third day, known as Kanuma, is dedicated to honoring cattle, which play a crucial role in agriculture. People prepare special meals and thank their livestock for their contribution to farming. In some regions, non-vegetarian dishes are customary, while others enjoy traditional snacks like garelu (lentil fritters). Krishna, Guntur, and Godavari districts host bull races and cockfights as part of the festivities.
What to Do on Makara Sankranti
- Charity and Worship: Donating items like sesame seeds and jaggery is considered auspicious, believed to bring blessings from the Sun God.
- Sun Worship: Prayers and offerings to the Sun at sunrise and sunset yield spiritual benefits. Offering water to the Sun (Arghya) enhances positivity.
- Holy Dip: Bathing in sacred rivers like the Ganges washes away sins and grants spiritual liberation. If this is not possible, mixing Ganga water with bathwater is also considered beneficial.
- Ancestor Worship: Performing rituals for departed ancestors (Tarpanam) on this day ensures peace for their souls.
What to Avoid
- Avoid consuming leftover or stored food on this day, as it is believed to attract negative energy.
- Refrain from unnecessary arguments and ensure kindness to those in need.
Makara Sankranti is not just a celebration of harvest but also a time for spiritual renewal, gratitude, and community bonding. Make the most of this festival by embracing its traditions and spreading joy.
